Relating ZIP Codes and Census Tracts

.. what census tracts intersect with a ZIP code of interest? There are many reasons for the underlying the need to convert/equivalence ZIP codes to/from census tracts. Some organizations have to provide census tract codes for addresses/ZIP codes of clients to be in compliance with a law or regulation. Some organizations have addresses/ZIP codes of clients/locations for which they would like to determine the corresponding census tract codes to analyze census tract demographics. This post reviews tools and options for these operations. See related Web section to access interactive table and learn more about mapping and geospatially relating these two geographies.

Phoenix/Scottsdale, AZ ZIP Code-Census Tract Relationship
The following graphic illustrates the relationship between ZIP code area 85258 (orange fill pattern) with census tracts (green boundaries and geocode labels).
(StCtyTract=04013216813).
.. view created with ProximityOne CV XE GIS software and related GIS project.

Create your own maps of areas relating ZIP codes and census tract, in context of other geography. Use the CV XE GIS with shapefiles.

Using the Interactive Table
Use the ZIP code to census tract interactive table (opens new page) to answer questions such as:
• Which census tracts intersect with a ZIP code of interest?
• Which ZIP code(s) intersect with census tract(s) of interest?
• What is the Census 2010 population for a census tract and ZIP code combination?

The interactive equivalence/look-up table shows a row for each unique combination of a Census 2010 ZIP code area and Census 2010 census tract. The start-up view is sorted on the State-County-Tract column (StCtyTract). View ZIP codes in one state using the State selection button. To locate a ZIP code of interest, either use the Find ZIP query or sort on the ZIP code column and then scroll down the table until the ZIP of interest is located.

Example. Click Find ZIP button using the interactive table (opens new page) to view only the tracts intersecting with ZIP code 85258 (as shown in map view above). The Location 1 marker (see pointer in map) is located in the area intersecting ZIP code 85258 and census tract 2168.13. The refreshed table view is shown by the graphic below. There are nine tracts intersecting with this ZIP code; see the tract codes in the table.

Try this for a ZIP of interest:
• View the interactive table (opens new page).
• Click the Showall button below table.
• Key in your 5-digit ZIP code in edit box where 85258 now shows.
• Click Find ZIP button.
• Table refreshes showing only tracts intersecting with this ZIP code.

Scope of Tracts and ZIPs in Table
There are 150,806 rows in the table, each showing a unique combination of a census tract (73,057 Census 2010 tracts) and ZIP code area (33,120 Census 2010 ZCTAs). Each row represents an intersection of the specified census tract and ZIP code area and corresponds to a geographic area of one census block or more. The total population and housing units values have been derived by summing component census block values. The sum of the population column is 308,745,538, the United States Census 2010 total population.

Situation & Outlook Weekly Web Sessions
Join me in a Situation & Outlook web session to discuss more details about demographic-economic estimates and projections.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

Neighborhood Median Family Income: Measuring Economic Well-Being

.. Median Family Income ($MFI) and Median Household Income ($MHI) are two measures of economic well-being. Based on the 2018 American Community Survey 1-year (ACS) data, the U.S. 2018 $MFI was estimated to be $76,401 while the $MHI was estimated to be $61,937 .. both in 2018/current dollars. Create insights into patterns of well-being by neighborhood using geospatial analysis. $MFI patterns are illustrated by the following thematic pattern map.

Patterns of Economic Prosperity by Neighborhood/Census Tract
The following view shows patterns of $MFI by census tract for the inner beltway area of Houston/Harris County, TX. Income interval color patterns are shown in the inset legend. Tracts are labeled with $MFI. Click graphic for larger view. Expand browser window for best quality view. Larger view shows tracts labeled with tract code. It is easy to see how west Houston and east Houston areas differ.

– view developed with ProximityOne CV XE GIS software and related GIS project.
– these $MFI data are based on the 2018 ACS 5-year estimates.

This section focuses on $MFI but could just as well focus on $MHI and yet other related income measures. $MFI will almost always be greater that $MHI, generally by a large margin. See the U.S. 2018 $MFI and $MHI in context of related demographic-economic measure here. See more about the distinctions/definitions of families and and households below.

The ACS data are a unique source of income and related data at the neighborhood or sub-county level. View more about accessing and using the 2018 ACS 5-year estimates.

Family Definition
A family is a group of two people or more (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family. The number of families is equal to the number of family households. However, the count of family members differs from the count of family household members because family household members include any non-relatives living in the household.

Related … an unmarried partner, also known as a domestic partner, is specifically defined as a person who shares a close personal relationship with the reference person. … Same-sex unmarried-partner families or households – reference person and unmarried partner are both male or female.

Household Definition
A household consists of all the people who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of rooms, or a single room, is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters; that is, when the occupants do not live with any other persons in the structure and there is direct access from the outside or through a common hall.

A household includes the related family members and all the unrelated people, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit, or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing unit such as partners or roomers, is also counted as a household. The count of households excludes group quarters. There are two major categories of households, “family” and “nonfamily”.

Situation & Outlook Weekly Web Sessions
Join me in a Situation & Outlook web session to discuss more details about demographic-economic estimates and projections.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

Mapping Census Tracts & Opportunity Zones

.. using the U.S. by census tract shapefile in the CV XE GIS US1 GIS project .. a no fee resource to ProximityOne User Group members (a no cost program, join here) .. view, locate, examine, map, geospatially analyze census tract geodemographics — in context of other geography and subject matter.

Census Tracts in Las Vegas Area

– create this type of map for any area in the U.S.
– use the CV XE GIS software with the default US1 GIS project.
– no cost to ProximityOne User Group members.

Click graphic above for larger view showing zoom-in. Tracts in larger view are labeled with tract code and ACS 2017 total population. See related ACS 2017 census tract interactive table with extended demographics.

The U.S. census tract shapefile has been added to the ProximityOne “US1” GIS project (included with installation). We have made it easy and free to visually locate census tracts of interest and view the boundaries in context of counties and general topology. Install CV XE GIS or run update if already installed. Examining tracts related to the Opportunity Zones? Each tract includes an identifier enabling you to select or find only those tracts.

See step-by step details on using these resources.

Data Analytics Web Sessions
See these applications live/demoed. Run the applications on your own computer.
Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

Analyzing Block Group Demographics

.. tools & data to analyze sub-census tract households, education, income, housing, more … Block Groups, subdivisions of census tracts, are the smallest geographic areas for which “richer demographics” are developed by the Census Bureau. Block group demographic-economic estimates, based on Census 2010 geography, are annually updated beginning with American Community Survey (ACS) 2010. The latest ACS estimates for these 217,740 areas covering U.S. wall-to-wall are from ACS 2015. The ACS 2016 update will be released in December 2017.  See the related Web section for more detail about accessing and using block group geography and demographic-economic data.

Patterns of Economic Prosperity by Block Group
The following graphic shows patterns of median household income by block group in the Houston, TX area. Markers show block groups with 10 or more housing units having value of $2 million or more. Markers are labeled with the number of housing units having value of $2 million or more in that block group. Click graphic for larger view, more detail and legend color/data intervals. This map illustrates the geographic level of detail available using block group demographics and the relative ease to gain insights using geospatial data analytics tools.

– View developed using CV XE GIS and related GIS project.

Block Group Demographic-Economic Data & Shapefiles
… selection of key demographic-economic attributes; annual update
… subject matter categories include:
  • Total population>
  • Population by gender iterated by age
  • Population by race/origin
  • Households by type of household
  • Educational attainment by detailed category
  • Household Income by detailed category
  • Housing units by owner/renter occupancy
  • Housing units by units in structure
  • Housing units by detailed value intervals

See the related Web section for a detailed list of items.

Use these Data on Your Computer
Use the above U.S. national scope dataset with your own software or in ready-to-use GIS projects with the CV XE GIS software.

Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

Daytime Population by Census Tract & Neighborhood

.. examining workers living/working in area .. population change due to commuting & employment/residence ratio .. the concept of the daytime population refers to the number of people who are present in an area during normal business hours, including workers. This is in contrast to the resident population present during the evening and nighttime hours. Information on the expansion or contraction experienced by different communities/areas between nighttime and daytime populations is important for many planning purposes, including those dealing with market size, trade/service areas, transportation, disaster, and relief operations. See related Web section with more detail.

This section reviews use of analytical tools to examine daytime population and related measures by census tract using GIS resources. These data are based on the 2013 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (ACS2013).

Topics:
• Patterns of Resident Population by Census Tract
• Patterns of Daytime Population Census Tract
• Patterns of Employment-Residence Ratio by Census Tract

Patterns of Resident Population by Census Tract
The following graphic shows patterns of the resident population by census tract for the Los Angeles area. Census tracts are statistical areas designed to average 4,000 population as reflected in this view. See population size/color intervals in inset legend. Primary roads are shown in the graphic; the pointer shows the Los Angeles-Orange County boundary. Click graphic for larger view. Expand browser window for best quality view. The larger graphic shows Los Angeles city as a cross-hatched overlay. This graphic is presented to compare/contrast patterns of the daytime population shown in the next graphic.

– View created with CV XE GIS.

See more about the Los Angeles metro and California state & regional data resources.

Patterns of Daytime Population Census Tract
The following graphic shows patterns of the daytime population by census tract for the Los Angeles area. This graphic is presented to compare/contrast patterns of the daytime population shown in the above graphic. As the employed population commutes during the data, the daytime population of census tracts change as reflected in this view. See population size/color intervals in inset legend. Primary roads are shown in the graphic; the pointer shows the Los Angeles-Orange County boundary. Click graphic for larger view. Expand browser window for best quality view. The larger graphic shows Los Angeles city as a cross-hatched overlay.

View created with CV XE GIS. Click graphic for larger view.

Patterns of Employment-Residence Ratio by Census Tract
The following graphic shows patterns of the Employment-Residence (E-R) Ratio by tract for the Los Angeles area. See E-R/color intervals in inset legend. See about the E-R ratio below. Primary roads are shown in the graphic; the pointer shows the Los Angeles-Orange County boundary. Click graphic for larger view. Expand browser window for best quality view. The larger graphic shows Los Angeles city as a cross-hatched overlay.

View created with CV XE GIS. Click graphic for larger view.

About the Employment-Residence (E-R) Ratio
The E-R ratio is a measure of the total number of workers working in the area, relative to the total number of workers living in the area. The E-R ratio is used sn indicator of the jobs-workers balance in an area. A value greater than 1.00 shows there are more workers working in the area than living there (net importers of labor). A value of less than 1.00 is shown in areas that send more workers to other areas than they receive (net exporters of labor).

See related Web section for information on daytime population terms and concepts.

Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

Housing Price Index by 5-Digit ZIP Code

.. tools to examine housing prices by 5-digit ZIP code and how they are changing .. of the 17,931 5-digit ZIP codes tabulated, 8,074 experienced a decrease in housing value during the period 2010 to 2015. At the same time, 8,672 ZIP code areas experienced an increase in housing value. Housing prices increased for most ZIP codes from 2014 to 2014.  Find out more about housing prices and trends for ZIP codes of interest using tools described here. These data are based on experimental estimates of the Housing Price Index (HPI) by 5-digit ZIP code based in part on home sales price data from Fannie Mae- and Freddie Mac-acquired mortgages. See more about these data.

• Use the interactive table to view, rank, compare the HPI for all 5-digit ZIP code areas tabulated.
• Use GIS tools described here to develop thematic pattern maps; add your own data & geography, select different HPI measures or criteria; zoom to different geographic extents, label and modify colors as desired.

• Gaining Insights in Housing Prices, Conditions & Markets
  .. Characteristics, Patterns & Trends
  .. join in .. one hour web session — overview & connectivity details

Patterns of Housing Value Change by ZIP Code: 2010-15
The following graphic shows patterns of housing value appreciation by ZIP Code: 2010-15 for the Houston metro (bold brown boundary). The color patterns/intervals are shown in the inset legend. Data are not available, using the criteria applied (2000 base year), for areas not colored In the larger view (click graphic), ZIP codes are labeled with HPI percent change from 2010 to 2015. Click graphic for larger view. Expand browser to full window for best quality view. Use the GIS tools described here to develop thematic pattern maps for a range of data and criteria.

.. view developed using the CV XE GIS software.
.. click map for larger view and details.

Additional views:
• Atlanta area
• New York City area
• Washington, DC area
• Los Angeles area

Examining Recent Trends; Current Estimates & Projections
The interactive table presents annual HPI data 2010 through 2015. A much larger set of these ZIP codes show a negative change between 2010 and 2015 compared to the one year change 2014-2015; The data generally show more ZIP codes experiencing housing value appreciation 2014-2015 compared to the longer period 2010 to 2015. These trends underscore the importance of having more recent data for use in analysis, planning and decision-making. The next update based on transaction data will be May 2017 or later.

ProximityOne uses the HPI transaction data with other data to develop HPI current estimates (2016) and annual projections to 2021 with quarterly updates as a part of the Regional Demographic-Economic Modeling System (RDEMS). Experimental county-up (metro, state, U.S.) and sub-county estimates and projections are planned for the fall 2016 quarterly update. The model based estimates and projections include the number of units by type and value that are added to the housing stock used to compute a variation of the HPI.

Housing Price Index by 5-Digit ZIP Code: 2010-2015
  — Interactive Table
Use the interactive table to examine the Housing Price Index (HPI) by 5-digit ZIP code. The following graphic illustrates use of the table to show the 10 ZIP codes experiencing the largest percentage increase in the HPI from 2014 to 2015. Click graphic for larger view. Examine cities or ZIP code ranges of interest using tools below the table.

Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

User Group Notes Updated

.. new ProximityOne User Group notes were posted today, June 28, 2016.  See updates at http://proximityone.com/usergroup_notes.htm.

Join the no fee ProximityOne User Group … connect with like-minded folks interested in developing, integrating and using decision-making information. The User Group provides software, data access and application support privileges only available to members.

.. see more information. Join in.

America’s Million+ Population Cities: Chicago

.. there are 10 U.S. cities having population of 1 million or more … Chicago is ranked 3rd among all U.S. cities based on 2015 population.  The population of Chicago, IL changed from 2,695,605 in 2010 to 2,720,546 in 2015 (24,941 or 0.9%). The population of the U.S. overall changed from 308,758,105 in 2010 to 321,418,820 in 2015 (12,660,715 or 4.1%). Examine population characteristics and trends of the city of Chicago in context of other cities and counties using the interactive table.

Chicago is a principal city of the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (CBSA 16980). This section reviews selected geographic, demographic and economic characteristics of the city of Chicago and tools to analyze these data.

Chicago City in Regional Context
Chicago city is shown as green-fill semi-transparent area.

… view developed using the CV XE GIS software.
… click map for larger view.

• Chicago Urbanized Area (orange fill pattern below city layer)
.. about urbanized areas

Examining Characteristics, Patterns and Trends of Chicago
View extended demographic-economic characteristics of Chicago in this table. Compare attributes of the city for 2012, 2014 and change. Annual demographic-economic estimates are available for all geographies for areas of 65,000 population or more from the American Community Survey (ACS).

Regional Demographic-Economic System & Cook County, IL
View Cook County tables from RDEMS. Click links below to view demographic-economic characteristics of the county.
POP1 Population & Components of Change
POP2 Population by Age
HSG1 Housing Units & New Residential Construction
DEM1 Demographic-Economic Profile
LF1 Labor Force
LF2 Labor Force
EST1 Establishments, Employment, Earnings
CA4 Personal Income and Employment by Major Component
CA5 Personal Income by Major Component and Earnings by Industry
CA6 Compensation of Employees by Industry
CA25 Employment by Industry
CA30 Economic Profile
CA35 Current Transfer Receipts
CA45 Farm Income & Expenses

Comparing Chicago Annual Total Population to Other Areas
Use the interactive table in the related section to view, rank, query and compare annual population estimates for states, cities, counties and sub-county areas of interest.

View, Rank, Compare Chioago with any/all Other Cities
Use these tables based on ACS 2014 5-year estimates to view Chicago in context with other cities.
… General Demographics
… Social Characteristics
… Economic Characteristics
… Housing Characteristics

Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

America’s Million+ Population Cities

.. there are 10 million+ population cities in the U.S. .. each is reviewed in some detail in this section .. the change in U.S. city population from 2010 to 2015 ranged from growth of 357,979 in New York City to a decline of in Detroit, MI. New York City is actually five counties; the next largest city growth was Houston, TX with a 181,463 population gain. See cities with largest growth or decline using the interactive table.

The July 1, 2015 Census Bureau model-based estimates for the U.S. 19,505 incorporated cities show a total population of 202,066,769 compared to 192,179,239 as of Census 2010. These areas are incorporated cities as recognized by their corresponding state governments and granted certain governmental rights and responsibilities. ProximityOne integrates these estimates, with related data, in models to develop projections, examine change and assess the impact of change.

Largest 10 Cities — the Million-Plus Population Cities
The largest 10 cities in 2015, shown by this graphic taken from the interactive table below, are also the set of cities having 1 million or more population.

Locations and Attributes of the Largest 10 Cities
Locations of the largest 10 cities based on 2015 population are shown in the following graphic as red marker.

Examine demographic-economic attributes of these cities using these related individual city-focused sections.  These sections compare the city boundary/location with corresponding urbanized areas and include extended data from ACS 2012 and ACS 2014 1 year estimates presented in a comparative analysis format.
1. New York, NY
2. Los Angeles, CA
3. Chicago, IL
4. Houston, TX
5. Philadelphia, PA
6. Phoenix, AX
7. San Antonio, TX
8. San Diego, CA
9. Dallas, TX
10. San Jose, CA

City/Place Demographics in Context
• State & Regional Demographic-Economic Characteristics & Patterns
.. individual state sections with analytical tools & data access to block level
• Metropolitan Area Situation & Outlook
.. continuously updated characteristics, patterns & trends for each/all metros

Visual Analysis of City/Place Population Dynamics
Use the CV XE GIS software with city/place GIS project to examine characteristics of city/place population, 2010-2015. The following view shows patterns of population percent change, 2010-15, by city in the Charlotte, NC/SC metro area.

… view developed using the CV XE GIS software.
… click map for larger view and details including city name.

Individual million+ population city sections will be updated and the topic of separate future blog posts. Follow this blog to learn about updates to these and related sections.

Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.

Census Tract-City Relationship Table

.. what census tracts are located in cities of interest? What are their codes? Conversely, do you have census tract codes and need to know corresponding city(s)? Get answers here.

This section provides access to an interactive table useful to examine relationships among Census 2010 census tracts, cities/places, and counties. Many cities and counties that might be experiencing demographic-economic decline will often have bright spots that are groups of a few or many census tracts. Census tracts are important sub-county geography in data analytics. See the related section on census data analytics. See more about census tracts and data analytics below in this section.

Relating Census Tracts to Cities & Counties
Census tracts are sub-county areas and nest coterminously within counties. The 6-character tract code is unique within county. For cities 10,000 and larger, there are some number of whole census tracts within the city. But around the perimeter of cities, census tracts will often be partly within and partly outside of the city. The following graphic shows the relationship of tracts, cities and counties in the Plano city area (green fill pattern) located mostly in Collin County within the Dallas metro. Click graphic for larger view, more detail and legend color/data intervals. This map illustrates the geographic level of detail available using census tract demographics and the relative ease to gain insights using geospatial data analytics tools.

– View developed using CV XE GIS and related GIS project.

Using the Interactive Relationship Table
A small part of Plano is located in Denton county (see north-south bold red-brown boundary). Tract 021627 (see pointer) is located in Denton County and includes a part of Plano. To determine what geography tract 021627 intersects, click the Tract> button below the interactive table shown below. See that the tract is contained in parts of 4 cities.

Census Tract to City/Place & County Equivalence Table
The following graphic illustrates use of the interactive table to view/examine the relationship between census tract 48121021627 (in Denton County, TX) and the city of Plano, TX. Click graphic for larger view.

The above view was developed using the interactive table:
– click the ShowAll button
– click the FindTract button (preset to locate this tract).

Click the ShowAll button and enter a city/place (case-sensitive) name of interest to view the set of intersecting tracts. See the table usage notes below the table in the related Web page. We review operation of the table in the Data Analytics Web sessions.

Join me in a Data Analytics Lab session to discuss more details about accessing and using wide-ranging demographic-economic data and data analytics. Learn more about using these data for areas and applications of interest.

About the Author
— Warren Glimpse is former senior Census Bureau statistician responsible for innovative data access and use operations. He is also the former associate director of the U.S. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards for data access and use. He has more than 20 years of experience in the private sector developing data resources and tools for integration and analysis of geographic, demographic, economic and business data. Contact Warren. Join Warren on LinkedIn.